Charter of The Grämlins

1. Preamble
The Grämlins is an independent and peaceful alliance. This union of nations is created to uphold mature values of honor, fairness, honesty, excellence, goodness and benevolence. Every member shall be a paradigm of these values, every member is obligated by law to follow them and aim to help the greater whole of the alliance with his actions.

2. Membership
All our members have to be on the Aqua Team after at most seven days of membership. Nations willing to join The Grämlins need to apply for membership at our board. Anyone wearing our Alliance Affiliation "The Grämlins" without explicit permission will be handled as impostor.

Specification for Applicants see addendum I

There are four ranks for every member to achieve:


 * Recruit (Trial Members, low internal access level)
 * Zealot (Base Members, medium internal access level)
 * Templar (Advanced Members, high internal access level)
 * Archon (Senior Members, full internal access level)

Internal access level means board and IRC access for all areas explicitly owned by The Grämlins as alliance.

External access level at boards owned by other alliances (Bloc, Embassies) can be restricted by the Conclave for all ranks, and by the Praetor for diplomats and his Prelates.

Specification for any rank see addendum II

3.1 Executive Powers
The Conclave is the political and representative government of the Grämlins. A 2:1 Decision is required to make a Conclave decision, if not specified otherwise.

The Conclave, consisting of:


 * The Judicator (Internal Overseer & Minister of Growth)
 * The Praetor (Chief Diplomat & Minister of foreign Affairs)
 * The Executor (Head of Military & Minister of Defence)

The Conclave has the right to:


 * sign treaties on behalf the alliance
 * declare war, peace or surrender on behalf the alliance
 * negotiate peace terms on behalf the alliance
 * create announcements at the public CN boards on behalf the alliance
 * appoint and retire Prelates and squad leaders
 * promote, demote and expel members
 * restrict specific public areas from posting or restrict specific members from posting at public areas
 * give governmental orders during times of war, which override orders from the Council of Archons and squad leaders
 * change the charter addendums or create new addendums for special situations
 * give governmental orders to the banking squad
 * order nuclear strikes in offensive wars

3.2 Supreme Court
The Dark Council is an internal control instance, to watch over the charter and spirit of the alliance. It will not interfere with political decisions of the Conclave as long as the safety and future of the alliance and the spirit in which it was founded are not in danger. Such interferences require valid reason, clear evidence and explanation to the membership. This point is hardwired into this charter and cannot be changed by any future Grämlins government, including the Dark Council. The Supreme Court cannot speak on behalf the alliance in public, nor is it considered government by this charter.

The Dark Council, consisting of:


 * from all Archons, the two members with the longest membership time (Alliance Elders)
 * from the remaining Archons one former Conclave member, elected by all Archons (Elder Statesman)
 * any time a member of the Dark Council leaves the alliance or is demoted, the remaining members select a replacement from all Archons

For matters requiring Dark Council approval, each of its members has one vote. Simple majority is needed to have a Dark Council decision if not specified otherwise for special cases.

Only one member of the Dark Council may hold a seat of the Conclave.

Only one member of the Dark Council may hold a seat of the Council of Archons.

The Dark Council has the right to:


 * change the charter if requested by either the Council of Archons or the Conclave
 * interpret the charter for judgement in discussions
 * veto addendum changes or the enacting of new addendums to the charter
 * veto war declarations
 * appoint and retire board administrators
 * remove Conclave members from their position on request of the Council of Archons
 * remove Council of Archons members from their seat on request of the Conclave
 * disband the alliance

3.3 Supportive Positions
There are assistant positions within the alliance. These are NOT government, but have increased permission levels depending on their work.

The Council of Archons, consisting of:


 * Three Archons, elected by majority vote from all Archons.

They are assisting the Conclave in their work and can replace any Conclave member during times of absence on request of the remaining Conclave members. A 2:1 decision is required to make a Council decision if not specified otherwise.

The Council of Archons has the right to:


 * veto war declarations
 * veto treaties
 * judge a member in a court-martial
 * give governmental orders to squad leaders
 * override squad leaders orders
 * give governmental orders to members during times of war
 * replace absent Conclave members in emergency situations on request of the remaining Conclave member(s)
 * veto nuclear strike orders

The Prelates


 * The Prelates of the Praetor
 * The Prelates of the Executor
 * The Prelates of the Judicator

Prelates support the Conclave and the Council of Archons in their work. Each Conclave member can appoint up to three Prelates to assist him. Prelates can inherit all permissions and rights of the one who appoints them. Their permission level is set individually by the appointer.

3.4 Emergency Situations:
In case only one member of the Conclave is online and there needs to be an immediate decision, a member of the Council of Archons can replace any member of the Conclave temporary until another member of the Conclave comes online. In case only one member of the Council of Archons is online, a member of the Conclave can replace any member of the Council of Archons temporary until another member of the Council comes online. Such an emergency replacement has to be requested by the single remaining member of the Conclave or the Council who needs assistance in making an immediate decision.

Specification for any Government position see addendum III

4.1 Election for the Conclave
Elections to the Conclave positions shall be held montly by the following scheme:

Election cycle I: JAN: Executor elections, FEB: Judicator elections, MAR: Praetor elections Election cycle II: APR: Executor elections, MAY: Judicator elections, JUN: Praetor elections Election cycle III: JUL: Executor elections, AUG: Judicator elections, SEP: Praetor elections Election cycle IV: OCT: Executor elections, NOV: Judicator elections, DEC: Praetor elections

The first two weeks of every month should be used for the Conclave elections.

The a Conclave member or Board Admin makes a candidate topic that has to be open for 72 hours. Votes will last 48 hours unless otherwise specified. Should a Conclave member leave the alliance or resign his position, the remaining Conclave members will choose one member of the Council of Archons as replacement for the resigned Conclave member till the end of the election cycle. If both Conclave members suggest a different Council member as replacement and cannot agree on one Council member to choose, the third Council member will be the replacement instead.

For each position, the Standard Voting Procedure shall be used, and the member with the highest total of votes will hold the position. Members with a rank of Templar or higher may stand for up to one Conclave position in such an election. Should a Templar be elected for a Conclave Position, he will be automatically promoted to Archon Rank.

Standard voting Procedure For subjects put to an alliance vote, members will have votes depending on their rank:


 * Recruit: 0 votes
 * Zealot: 1 vote
 * Templar: 3 votes
 * Archon: 5 votes

For matters requiring Conclave approval, each member of the Conclave has one vote.

4.2 Election for the Council of Archons
Elections to the Council of Archons shall occur every 3 months, directly after the Praetor elections. The second two weeks of the month should be used for the Council elections. The Judicator or any other Conclave member makes a candidate topic that has to be open for 72 hours. Votes will last 48 hours unless otherwise specified Should a Council of Archons member leave the alliance or resign his position, the Archons hold a new election for the free seat immediately. Only Archons can candidate and vote for the Council of Archons, each Archon has one vote for each of the 3 Council Seats. The 3 Members with the highest total of votes will be elected to The Council of Archons

For matters requiring the Council approval, each member of the Council has one vote.

4.3 Prelates
Prelates can be appointed at any time by the Executor, the Praetor or the Judicator. They can also be removed from their position by either the one who appointed them or by 2:1 Conclave decision.

4.4 Board administration
Every Archon is automatically Super Moderator for all areas.

Any member of the Dark Council can become Board Administrator if the majority of the Dark Council agrees with it.

Super Moderators are allowed to delete or edit a post of any lower ranked member.

Conclave members are allowed to edit or delete a post of a member which has the same rank in case this post is violating the Preamble or Point 6 of this charter.

4.4.1 Security Levels / Access Areas
The board areas are listed here, ordered from low security to high security.

- areas where unregistered Guests have access - areas where registered Board Users have access - areas where Applicants have access - areas where Diplomats have access - areas where Recruits have access - areas where Zealots have access - areas where Templars have access - areas where Prelates have access - areas where Archons have access - areas where Conclave and Board Admins have access

No information (thread, post, link, IRC log or else) may be moved from a restricted area to a less secure area without approval of the creator of that information (original poster). For moving of threads, either the approval of all persons who posted in there or a Conclave decision is needed.

In case a posting containing vital, confidential information or endangering the security of the alliance was posted at a low security area, any Super Moderator is allowed to instantly move it to the highest security area.

4.5 Position removal
The Dark Council can remove any Conclave member from his position in case the Council of Archons requests that. The Dark Council decision for that needs to be unanimous. If the Conclave member in question is member of the Dark Council, he has no vote in this decision.

The Dark Council can remove any Council of Archons member from his position in case the Conclave requests that. The Dark Council decision for that needs to be unanimous. If the Council of Archons member in question is member of the Dark Council, he has no vote in this decision.

The Dark Council can remove any Board Administrator from his position in case the Council of Archons or the Conclave requests that. The Dark Council decision for that needs to be unanimous. The Board Administrator in question has no vote in this decision.

5. Promotion/Demotion and Expulsion
The Conclave has the right to promote a member to a rank, except to Archon rank, he does not fit the requirements for, if this member has served the alliance with extraordinary behaviour or services. The decision for such a promotion has to be 2:1 by the Conclave. The Conclave has the right to promote a member to Archon rank even if he does not fit the requirements for, if this member has served the alliance with extraordinary behaviour or services. The decision for such a Promotion has to be 3:0 by the Conclave.

The Conclave has the right to demote any member who does not fit the requirements for his rank any more.

The Conclave has the right to demote any member even if he fits the requirements for a specific rank, if this member has violated the charter, broken his oath or showed intolerable behaviour.

The decision for a Demotion has to be 2:1 by the Conclave.

The decision to demote an Archon has to be 3:0 by the Conclave.

The decision to demote a member of the Dark Council requires a 3:0 decision by the Conclave and approval by the Dark Council.

The Conclave has the right to immediately expel any member, except Archons, in case of a major crime against our charter or if the Grämlins oath was broken. The decision for any expulsion has to be 3:0 by the Conclave.

Archons have to be demoted, before they can be expelled from the alliance.

Specification for any Promotion/Demotion/Expulsion see addendum IV

6. Freedom of Speech
By definition of this charter, internal areas are all places where only Grämlins members have access while public areas are all places where non-Grämlins members have access.

Every Grämlin is free to express his opinion in any place, public or private, as long as he honours the code of conduct presented in this charters preamble. The conclave can decide on misbehaviour with a 2:1 decision and take away or restrict any individual members posting rights in public places for a time no longer then two months. In such cases the Conclave has to explain their reasoning for such bans/restrictions to the membership.

No posting of any member, regardless of internal rank, is a statement on behalf of the alliance unless it includes the official Grämlins banner and is signed by the Conclave.

In case the Conclave comes to the conclusion a public posting violates this charter, the Conclave can demand to edit this posting and to apologize to offended parties.

7. Foreign Aid
Any aid transaction to a nation currently at war with an aligned nation requires governmental approval.

Any aid transaction to a member of an alliance currently at war with another alliance requires governmental approval.

Any member who is found aiding a nation at war with another alliance has to pay reparations if demanded by that alliance.

8. Foreign Treaties
Signed and active foreign Treaties are binding law for all Grämlins members.

No foreign treaty, pact or agreement can violate or override the charter or any charter addendum. In case the wording of a foreign treaty violates the charter, this point of the treaty is null and void. The treaty as a whole is not, so other obligations which are not violating the charter are still active and binding.

9. War declaration & reparations
The Grämlins are a peaceful alliance, the Government will not declare war without valid reason on another alliance or individual nations. Valid reasons include (but are not limited to): a declaration of war against a treaty partner; spying; wearing Grämlins alliance affiliation without authorisation; any other clear and present threat to the security of the alliance.

A war declaration against another alliance requires a 3:0 Conclave decision.

Negotiations for reparations or other war-related subjects in inter-alliance wars of the Grämlins will be conducted by the Conclave. The results of such negotiations are binding for all members.

9.1 Individual Wars
Any individual war declaration against aligned nations needs governmental approval. Every group of two nations or more, wearing the same alliance affiliation, are considered as "aligned" by the definition of this charter. Unaligned nations either wear the string "none" or a unique alliance affiliation they share with no one.

Member nations are not forbidden from declaring wars against unaligned nations, but if they do so they will receive no alliance support. Any kind of aid or help for such members without approval of the Conclave is strictly forbidden. This includes financial aid to the fighting Grämlin; threats, war declarations or spying operations against his opponent.

Negotiations for reparations or other war-related subjects with nations under attack by a Grämlin in individual declared wars should be conducted between the two contrahents in the first instance. In case such negotiations fail, any Grämlin can ask for diplomatic or military assistance, the Conclave will decide in any case to grant it or not.

Every member who has requested help in negotiations has to pay the full reparations which the government has agreed with the attacked nation or alliance. Such reparations have to be paid immediately. Scheduled business has to be delayed.

10. Defense
An attack on a Grämlin is an attack on the entire alliance and we reserve the right to use all available strength in defence. Every member is obligated to follow his squad leaders orders, or orders given out by the Council of Archons, the Executor or the Conclave.

If a member of the Grämlins comes under unprovoked attack, the attacking nation has time until the next update to send a peace offer and agree to terms of surrender, including reparation payment. Failure to do so will result in a counter strike with full force. If a member of the Grämlins comes under attack by a nation that is member of an alliance we have no treaty with, we will try to establish contacts to that alliance first. However, if there is no reaction before the next update, we will retaliate with full force. If a member of the Grämlins comes under attack by a nation that is member of an alliance we have a treaty with, we will deal with the situation as agreed to in the treaty.

10.1 Refusal to obey orders
Every member has the right and duty of refusal to obey illegal orders. Any order which is in violation of that charter, an addendum or an active treaty of the Grämlins, or is given by a member who has no right to give them, is considered illegal by definition of this charter.

Failiure to follow legal orders will result in a court-martial before the Council of Archons. Shall the member be found guilty of cowardice or dishonorable behavior, the Judicator has to expel him immediately. Outstanding debts have to be paid back by the nation in question as soon as possible.

11. Nuclear Policy
The Grämlin's arsenal of nuclear weapons was built to ensure the liberty of our members. The Grämlins will use nuclear weapons to defend themselves against attacks, in the case that negotiations with the attacker fail. Negotiations are declared as "failed" if the attacker has not sent a peace offer within 24hours and has not agreed to terms of surrender, including reparations payment. However if contact to the offenders alliance has successfully been established, the deadline may - in a case to case ruling - be extended.

The use of nuclear weapons in wars our members have declared on their own is not allowed, as long as the attacked nation do not use nuclear weapons themselves first. In case of an offensive war, sanctioned by the government, nuclear weaponry will be used only on governmental orders.

12. Changes to this Charter
Changes to this Charter can only made by the Dark Council by majority decision if requested by either the Conclave or the Council of Archons. Changes to the addendums can be made by the Conclave if needed with a 3:0 decision. The Dark Council can veto and/or undo such changes any time. Shall there inconsistencies be found between Charter and addendum wording, the Charter always overrides any addendum.

Every member who disagrees with a charter or addendum change is released from his oath immediately if he signs out properly within 48hours after the new Charter is announced. In this case, outstanding debts do not have to be paid back.

13. Violations of this Charter
Recruits, Zealots, Templars and Archons violating this Charter will be put on trial before the Conclave, Members of the Dark Council have to be removed from their seat via the proper procedures before they can be put on trial. In case of questionable Charter interpretations, the Dark Council will offer a final interpretation. For every violation, a member shall lose at least one level of internal rank and shall not be promoted again for at least 2 months. Recruits violating the Charter will be expelled immediately.

14. Disbandment of the Alliance
Only the Dark Council can disband the alliance in an unanimous decision.

Addendum I Applicants
Anyone who is interested in us and fullfils our minimal requirements may become a Grämlins Applicant for a period of approximately 15 days, during which time we will talk to you to find out whether you're right for us and vice versa.

After applying and granted status as an Applicant to The Grämlins, Applicants have to change their AA to "The Grämlins" and must fill in their BIO "The Grämlins Applicant"

Applicants are not members of The Grämlins, but those wearing our name in their AA will be protected from attack as if they were unless they forfeit that protection. (We will always attempt to broker a diplomatic resolution.)

To be able to apply your nation has to be within the 10% of the game and you must be active on IRC. Should your nation not fulfill this requirement then it is still possible to be granted an application if a Grämlin member vouches for you. He then takes responsibility for you if you pass the interview.

Applicants have to make a formal application request in the appropriate topic which should include the following information by COPY/PASTY THE QUOTE Quote: Applicant request

Ruler Name: Nation Name: Link: Previous Alliance(s): Reason for leaving (Be in-depth): Warning History in-game?: Warning History Cn Forums?: Do you browse the CN forums regularly?: Do you use IRC? People who can refer you as a respectful person: After at most 15 days, the Archons and Templars will vote on the application. The votes are weighted as defined in the standard-voting-procedure of the Charter. The Poll is created on or before day 15 and is automatically closed at latest on day 17.

Any application has failed if: - 20 or more weighted votes are against the applicant OR - below 20 weighted votes are cast in favor of the applicant OR - less than 66% of all cast votes are in favor of the applicant OR - the Conclave vetoes the application

If the application is successful, the applicant has to swear the Grämlins Oath and begins his Recruit phase. While the candidate is in Applicant status he will be interviewed by Archons and Templars.

Recruit:
Every new member is a "Recruit" for at least 30days. This is a trial period. Every Recruit who has shown activity and skill during these 30days can be promoted to any higher rank if he fits the requirements for this rank. Recruits cannot vote in internal polls or elections, but they can of course say their opinion.

Zealot:
Every Zealot has 1 vote at internal polls or elections.

Requirements: - 30days membership - active on the forum

Templar:
Every Templar has 3 votes at internal polls or elections. Templars can volunteer/candidate for any job or position within the alliance except the Council of Archons.

Requirements: - 60days membership - active on the forum and on IRC - at least nuclear armed

Archon:
Every Archon has 5 votes at internal polls or elections. Archons are the backbone of Grämlins defence. Only Archons can be squad-leaders. Archons can volunteer/candidate for any job or position within the alliance.

Requirements: - 90days membership - high IRC / board activity - at least 4999 infrastructure - 20 nukes

The Conclave:
Praetor, Executor and Judicator are the Conclave of the Grämlins. In times of peace and war, they are the highest decision making body of the alliance. All three positions are elected from the entire alliance. Any Templar or Archon can volunteer for one of these positions. A member cannot be part of the Conclave and part of the Council of Archons at the same time. The Conclave may sign foreign treaties and announce official statements at the boards with the Grämlins Banner.

A vote of at least 2:1 is needed to be a Conclaves decision

The Praetor (Chief Diplomat & Minister of foreign Affairs)
The Praetor is responsible for foreign relations of the Grämlins. All Grämlins diplomats have to report to the Praetor. He manages the embassy row; masks diplomats and coordinates the work of other Grämlins diplomats. He promotes and demotes any Diplomat

The Executor (Head of Military & Minister of Defence)
The Executor is the coordinator of the Grämlins military in times of peace and war. All Squad leaders have to report to the Executor. It is his main job to update military information, tactical guides and manage the Military Headquarter. He has to update our military strength statistics frequently.

The Judicator (Internal Overseer & Minister of Growth)
The Judicator is the internal Overseer and responsible for developing our economical strategies and growth projects. He makes sure that no one can abuse the rules and is in charge of any election. The Judicator is watching over polls, elections and the internal ranking system. Any member who has either complaints or suggestions shall report these immediately to the Judicator.

The Council of Archons:
In times of war, the Council of Archons takes control of the entire Grämlins army. Every Grämlin who volunteers to fight, accept that the Council of Archons can give orders during wartime that MUST be followed. In times of peace, the Council of Archons has the right to veto any MDP that the Conclave wants to sign, if they vet any MDP The Grämlins at all have to vote for it. The Council of Archons has no right to announce official Alliance Statements at the boards with the Grämlins banner.

A vote of at least 2:1 is needed to be a Council's decision.

Archons:
Archons are the backbone of Grämlins defence. Only Archons can be squad-leaders.

The Prelates:
The Prelate of the Conclave The Prelate of the Council The Prelate of the Praetor The Prelate of the Executor The Prelate of the Judicator

- The Prelate of the Conclave work is defined by needs, they help on any issues if needed, on a special project or serve as special Diplomats. - The Prelate of the Council work is defined by needs, they help on any issues if needed, on a special project or serve as special Diplomats. - The Prelate of the Praetor work is defined by the needs of the Praetor. He helps the Praetor to accomplish and maintain his daily workload. In case of need The Prelate of the Praetor can voluntary help on other projects or serve as special Diplomat. - The Prelate of the Executor work is defined by the needs of the Executor. He helps the Executor to accomplish and maintain his daily workload. In case of need The Prelate of the Executor can voluntary help on other projects or serve as special Diplomat. - The Prelate of the Judicator work is defined by the needs of the Judicator. He helps the Judicator to accomplish and maintain his daily workload. In case of need The Prelate of the Judicator can voluntary help on other projects or serve as special Diplomat.

Prelates have no voice to vote in any matter concerning The Conclave or The Council of Archons nor can they substitute any Conclave or Council member. Nor do they get access to any board their rank won’t fit.

1. Recruit
On admittance to the Grämlins a new member will obtain the rank of recruit. This is the basic rank in the Grämlins. All new recruits will be assigned a skilled and experienced master, who will be their teacher and guide. Recruits will be encouraged to read Grämlin documents to familiarize themselves with in game mechanics as well as Grämlin Ethics and Politics. Any Grämlin who vouch for a new Member is automatically his master and has the duty to make sure the newcomer is integrated well

2. Zealot
Zealots are the rank and file membership of the Gramlins. Masters will usually propose their recruits to this rank. Every Zealot has 1 vote at internal polls or elections. Minimum requirements


 * At least 30days of alliance membership.
 * Low to medium IRC and forum activity

Basic requirements


 * He has to be active and enthusiastic
 * He has to be trustworthy and of good character
 * Has he done a good job running and developing his nation

Promotion procedure


 * No Grämlin can obtain this rank without first being proposed to it by one Grämlin ranked Templar or higher. The rank proposal must include a short explanation why the sponsor believes the person deserves to be promoted to Zealot.
 * The Judicator has to approve the rank proposal earliest after 3days the proposal was made.
 * One Archon can veto this promotion

3. Templar
A Templar is an advanced member of the Grämlins. No Grämlin can obtain this rank with out first being proposed to it by two Grämlins ranked Templar or above. On being promoted a new templar will need to take the Templar oath. Any Templar is free to apply to do Jobs in the alliance such as a Prelate to a member of Conclave. Every Templar has 3 votes at internal polls or elections. Minimum requirements


 * 60days alliance membership.
 * Medium to high IRC and forum activity.

Basic requirements


 * He has to be very trustworthy and of good character
 * He has to contributed to the common alliance defence (e.g fought wars, bought nukes, spies, been active in his squad)
 * The candidate must have a Citadel Account.

Promotion procedure


 * On being proposed to this rank a discussion will take place in the Hall of the Templars lasting 3 days. After 3 days of discussions a poll will be added which will be open for 48 hours. The promotion has to be confirmed with a simple majority of all weighted Templars and higher ranks.
 * One Archon can veto this promotion

4. Archon
The Archons are the vanguard of the Grämlins, No Grämlin can obtain this rank without first being proposed to it by three Archon's. On being promoted a new Archon will need to take the Archon oath. Every Archon has 5 votes at internal polls or elections.


 * Over 120days alliance membership.
 * Very high IRC and forum activity.
 * Any candidate will be a exceptional contributing member of the Gramlins.
 * Any candidate will have show maturity and exceptional commitment and loyalty.
 * Any candidate will have excellent knowledge of CN, In game mechanics and Politics.

Promotion procedure

* On being proposed to this rank a discussion will take place in the Hall of the Archons lasting 3 days. After 3 days of discussions a poll will be added which will be open for 48 hours. The promotion has to be confirmed with 2/3 majority of the votes. Three Archons can veto this promotion

Demotion procedure Any member of the Grämlins who isn't active is at risk of demotion.

Every Templar or higher with no board login for 15days will be warned,
 * Any Archon can suggest any member to be warned (flagged for demotion). The Judicator decides about a warning within 48hours.
 * Any Member can request a Judicators Review on each lower-ranked members rank, if he thinks this member does not deserve his rank any more.
 * The Judicator checks the ranks every 30days regarding activity, this should happen between the 10th and 15th each month.

Every Templar or higher with no board posting for 30days will be demoted one rank.

Every Templar or higher with no foreign aid offers will be warned.

Every Recruit and the 10 NS wise weakest Zealots will be reviewed if they are growing or aiding the alliance *at all*, if not, they will be marked for expulsion.

1st warning, nothing happens
 * Warnings

Any member who get a 2nd warning in consecutive months will be immediately reviewed by The Judicator and demoted to one lower rank, if they aren´t spcial circumstances.

Had the member Recruit rank he will be immediately reviewed by The Judicator and expelled, if they aren´t spcial circumstances.

Note about the warnings. We will use the board system to declare and maintain warnings